He tioata ngira kore tae te Phenol (C6H5OH) he kakara motuhake. He rauemi mata nui tēnei mō te hanga i ētahi kapia, patu huakita, tiaki tinana, me ngā rongoā (pērā i te aspirin). Ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te patu huakita i ngā taputapu pokanga, te rongoā paru, te whakamate kiri, te whakaora i te mākūkū, me te rongoā otitis media. Ko te ira rewa o te Phenol he 43°C, ā, he paku wairewa ki te wai i te pāmahana rūma engari he ngāwari te wairewa ki ngā whakarewa waro. Ina neke atu te pāmahana i te 65°C, ka uru ki te wai i roto i tētahi ōwehenga. He waikura te Phenol, ā, ka puta te pirau o te pūmua ā-rohe ina pā atu. Ka taea te horoi i ngā otinga o te phenol e pā ana ki te kiri ki te waipiro. Ka waikurahia he wāhanga iti o te phenol e pā ana ki te hau hei quinone, ka huri hei māwhero. Ka huri hei papura ina pā atu ki ngā iona ferric, he āhuatanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakamātautau mō te phenol.
Hītori Kitea
I kitea te Phenol i roto i te tāra waro i te tau 1834 e te kaimātai matū Tiamana a Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, nō reira i mōhiotia ai ko te waikawa carbolic. I rongonui tuatahitia te Phenol nā te rata rongonui o Peretānia a Joseph Lister. I kite a Lister ko te nuinga o ngā matenga i muri i te pokanga i puta mai i ngā mate pukupuku me te puha. Nā te tūponotanga, i whakamahia e ia he wai phenol waimeha hei rehu i ngā taputapu pokanga me ōna ringa, ā, i tino whakaitihia ai ngā mate o ngā tūroro. Nā tēnei kitenga i whakatū te phenol hei patu huakita pokanga kaha, ā, i riro i a Lister te taitara "Matua o te Pokanga Patu Huakita."
Ngā Āhuatanga Matū
Ka taea e te Phenol te mimiti i te makuku mai i te hau, ka waimeha. He kakara motuhake tōna, ā, he reka te reka o ngā otinga tino waimeha. He tino waikura, he tauhohenga matū hoki. Ka tauhohe ki ngā aldehydes me ngā ketones hei hanga i ngā kapia phenolic me te bisphenol A, me te acetic anhydride, te waikawa salicylic rānei hei hanga i te phenyl acetate me ngā esters salicylate. Ka taea hoki e ia te whai i ngā tauhohenga halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation, alkylation, carboxylation, esterification, me te etherification.
I ngā pāmahana noa, he totoka te phenol, ā, kāore e tere te tauhohe ki te konutai. Mēnā ka whakamahanahia te phenol kia rewa i mua i te tāpiri i te konutai mō tētahi whakamātautau, ka ngāwari te whakaiti, ā, ka rerekē tōna tae i te whakamahanatanga, ka pā ki te putanga whakamātautau. I roto i te whakaakoranga, kua whakamahia tētahi tikanga kē atu hei whakatutuki i ngā hua whakamātautau pai, he māmā noa iho, he whai hua hoki. I roto i tētahi ngongo whakamātautau, ka tāpirihia he 2–3 mL o te ether waikore, ā, ka whai ake ko tētahi wahi konutai rite te rahi ki te pī. I muri i te tango i te hinu mata ki te pepa tātari, ka whakanohoia te konutai ki roto i te ether, ki te wāhi kāore e tauhohe. Mā te tāpiri i tētahi iti o te phenol me te rūrū i te ngongo ka taea e te konutai te tauhohe tere, ka puta he nui te hau. Ko te mātāpono kei muri i tēnei whakamātautau ko te rewa o te phenol ki roto i te ether, ka āwhina i tana tauhohenga ki te konutai.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-20-2026