Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Tūponotanga
Ngā Tūponotanga Hauora: He whakapataritari i te kiri me ngā kiriuhi mucous, ā, he pānga whakamoe hoki ki te pūnaha io matua.
Paihana Koi: Mā te hongi i tētahi kukū nui o tēnei hua i roto i te wā poto ka puta he tohu mumura o ngā kanohi me te ara manawa o runga, he pupū o te ihu me te korokoro, he whanoke, he ānini, he whakapairuaki, he ruaki, he kikī o te uma, he ngoikore o ngā peka, he haere pōturi, me te pōhēhē. I ngā wā tino kino, ka pāngia pea koe e te oho, te wiri, me te koma.
Paitini Mau tonu: Mā te pānga roa ka arahi pea ki te mate neurasthenic, te whakanui i te ate, me ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te paheketanga i roto i ngā kaimahi wahine. Ka taea hoki e ia te whakararu i te kiri, te pakarukaru, me te dermatitis.
Ngā Tūponotanga Taiao: He tūponotanga nui tēnei ki te taiao, ā, ka taea te whakapoke i te hau, te wai me ngā puna wai.
Ngā Tūponotanga Mura me te Pahūtanga: He mura ngāwari tēnei hua, ā, he whakapataritari hoki.
Paitini: Kua whakarōpūtia he paitini iti.
Paitini Koiora: LD50 5000mg/kg (ā-waha i roto i te kiore); LC50 12124mg/kg (kiri i roto i te rāpeti); he mate te manawa o te tangata i te 71.4 g/m³ i roto i te wā poto; ka puta te paitini koiora ina manawahia te tangata i te 3 g/m³ mō te 1–8 hāora; ka puta ngā tohu paitini ina manawahia te tangata i te 0.2–0.3 g/m³ mō te 8 hāora.
Te riri:
Ka pāngia ngā kanohi tangata e te 300ppm: ka puta te riri.
Te pānga ki te kiri rāpeti: Ka pā te riri ngawari ki te 500mg.
Te Paitini Āhua-Pōuri me te Paitini Mau tonu: Ko ngā kiore me ngā poaka kiore i manawahia ki te 390 mg/m³ mō ngā hāora 8/rā mō ngā rā 90–127 i whakaatu i ngā panoni i roto i te pūnaha hematopoietic me ngā whekau parenchymal.
Te āheinga whakaputa uri: Whakamātautau moroiti: te hoatutanga ā-waha o te 200 mg/kg ki ngā kiore. Tātari ira-pūtau: ngā kiore i whakamātauhia ki te manawa o te 5400 μg/m³ mō ngā wiki 16 (wā poto).
Te Paitini Whakaputa Uri: Ko ngā kiore i whakaraeraetia ki te kukū paitini iti rawa (TCL0) o te 1.5 g/m³ mō ngā hāora 24 (ngā rā 1–18 o te hapūtanga) i whakaatu i te paitini o te kukune me ngā hapa whanaketanga uaua. Ko ngā kiore i whakaraeraetia ki te kukū paitini iti rawa (TCL0) o te 500 mg/m³ mō ngā hāora 24 (ngā rā 6–13 o te hapūtanga) i whakaatu i te paitini o te kukune.
Te Pūnaha Whakapūngao me te Whakangaromanga: Ko te toluene e mimiti ana i roto i te tinana ka 80% te waikura ki te waipiro benzyl i te aroaro o te NADP, kātahi ka 80% ki te benzaldehyde i te aroaro o te NAD, ā, ka waikura anō ki te waikawa benzoic. Kātahi ka honoa ki te glycine i te aroaro o te coenzyme A me te adenosine triphosphate hei hanga waikawa hippuric. Nō reira, 16%–20% o te toluene e mimiti ana i te tinana tangata ka tukuna atu i roto i te ara manawa, engari ko te 80% ka tukuna e ngā whatukuhu i roto i te ahua o te waikawa hippuric. I muri i te pānga ki te toluene, ka tere te piki o te waikawa hippuric i roto i te mimi i roto i ngā haora e 2, kātahi ka piki haere āta, ā, ka hoki ki ngā taumata noa i roto i ngā haora 16–24 i muri i te mutunga o te pānga. Ka honoa he wāhanga iti o te waikawa benzoic ki te waikawa glucuronic hei hanga i ngā matū kore-paitini. I raro iho i te 1% o te toluene ka hurihia ki te o-cresol. I roto i te taiao, ka waikura te toluene hei waikawa benzoic, ka pirau tika rānei hei hauhā waro me te wai i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikura kaha, i te aroaro rānei o ngā whakakorikori ina pāngia e te hau.
Toenga me te Kohinga: Tata ki te 80% o te toluene ka tukuna ki roto i te mimi o te tangata me ngā rāpeti hei waikawa hippuric, ko te nuinga o te toenga ka tukuna ki waho. I kōrero anō hoki ēnei kaituhi he 0.4%–1.1% o te toluene ka tukuna ki waho hei o-cresol. I whakaatuhia e tētahi atu rangahau ko te matū matua, te waikawa hippuric, ka tere te tukuna ki roto i te mimi. I raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi noa, ka tata te waikawa hippuric te whakakore katoa i roto i ngā haora 24 i muri i te mutunga o te whakaaturanga. Heoi, nā te whakaaturanga 8-haora ia rā, ā, whai muri ko ngā wā kore whakaaturanga 16-haora, ka puta pea ētahi kohinga o te waikawa hippuric i te wiki mahi, engari ka hoki ngā kukū ki ngā taumata i mua i te whakaaturanga i muri i te mutunga wiki. He rerekē te nui o te waikawa hippuric i roto i te mimi noa (0.3–2.5 g) i runga i te kai me ngā rerekētanga takitahi. Nō reira, kāore e taea te whakatau katoa i te mimititanga o te toluene mai i ngā taumata waikawa hippuric mimi, engari he tika tonu i roto i ngā rangahau rōpū mō te kite i te mimititanga o te toluene. I whakaatuhia i roto i ngā kiore i rongoatia i mua ki te phenobarbital te tere pikinga o te ngaromanga o te toluene i roto i te toto, me te poto o te wā moe i muri i te werohanga toluene, e tohu ana ko te whakaohooho o ngā whākōkī microsomal ate ka whakaoho i te pākia o te toluene.
Te Hekenga me te Hurihanga: Ko te nuinga o te Toluene ka puta mai i te hinu mata mā roto i ngā tukanga matū hinu. Ka whakamahia hei whakarewa mō ngā hinu, ngā kapia, te rapa taiao me te rapa hangai, te tāra waro, te uku, me te acetate cellulose. Ka whakamahia hoki hei whakarewa i roto i ngā peita me ngā wanihi cellulose, tae atu ki te whakaahua me ngā whakarewa waituhi. He rauemi mata nui hoki te Toluene i roto i te hanga rauropi, inā koa mō te benzoyl chloride, ngā pūhui phenyl, te saccharin, te trinitrotoluene, me te maha o ngā tae. He wāhanga hoki o te penehīni rererangi me te motuka. He pūngāwerewere te Toluene, ā, kāore i te tauhohe ki te taiao. Nā te nekehanga o te hau, ka horapa whānuitia ki te taiao, ā, ka hangarua tonu i waenga i te hau me te wai mā te ua me te mimiti mai i ngā mata wai. Tērā pea ka pirau i te mutunga mā te waikura koiora me te moroiti. Ko te whakarāpopototanga o ngā kukū toluene toharite i roto i te hau tāone puta noa i te ao e whakaatu ana i ngā taumata noa o te 112.5–150 μg/m³, ko te nuinga mai i ngā tukunga e pā ana ki te penehīni (te haunga waka, te tukatuka penehīni) me ngā ngaronga me ngā tukunga o te whakarewa mai i ngā mahi ahumahi.
Ngā Mahi Āwhina Tuatahi
Te Pā ki te Kiri: Tangohia ngā kākahu kua poke, ka horoi pai i te kiri ki te hopi me te wai.
Pā ki ngā Kanohi: Hiki ake ngā kamo ka horoia ki te wai rere, ki te wai tote rānei. Rapua he awhina hauora.
Te manawa: Neke atu ki te hau hou. Kia tuwhera te ara manawa. Whakaratohia he hāora mēnā he uaua te manawa. Whakamahi i te manawa horihori mēnā ka mutu te manawa. Rapua he awhina hauora.
Te horomitanga: Inumia he nui te wai mahana hei whakaoho i te ruaki. Rapua he awhina hauora.
Ngā Mahi Whakamate Ahi
Ngā Āhuatanga Morearea: Ka mura; ka taea e te kohu te whakaranu ki te hau te hanga ranunga pahū. Mēnā ka pāngia e ngā mura tuwhera, e te wera nui rānei, ka mura, ka pahū rānei. Ka kaha te tauhohe ki ngā waikura. Ka taea e ngā tere rere teitei te whakaputa me te kohikohi i te hiko pateko. He taumaha ake te kohu i te hau, ā, ka horapa ki ngā tawhiti roa ki ngā wāhi papaku, ka mura pea, ka hoki anō ki reira.
Ngā Hua Tahunga Morearea: Hauhā waro, hauhā waro.
Ngā Tikanga Tinei Ahi: Whakamataohia ngā ipu ki te rehu wai. Nekehia ngā ipu mai i te wāhi ahi ki tētahi wāhi tuwhera mēnā ka taea. Mēnā kua rerekē te tae o ngā ipu i roto i te rohe ahi, kua puta rānei he haruru mai i ngā taputapu whakaiti pēhanga, whakarērea tonutia.
Ngā mea tinei ahi: Pahuka, paura maroke, hauhā waro, onepu. Kāore e whai hua te wai mō te tinei.
Te Urupare Āwhina o te turuturu
Te Urupare Āwhata: Whakarerekētia ngā tāngata i te wāhi turuturu ki tētahi wāhi haumaru, wehea, ā, kia tino whakahaerea te urunga. Whakakorea ngā pūtake mura. Me mau ngā kaiwhakauru āwhata i ngā taputapu manawa pēhanga pai me ngā kākahu tiaki. Whakaitihia te pūtake turuturu. Āraia te urunga ki roto i ngā waikeri, i ngā awaawa waikeri, i ētahi atu wāhi kuiti rānei.
Te turuturu iti: Mimia ki te waro whakahohe, ki ētahi atu rauemi kore mahi rānei. Tērā atu rānei, horoia ki te wai whakapūkara i hangaia mai i te wai whakamārara kore-mura, whakaranua te wai horoi, ka tukuna ki te pūnaha wai para.
Te turuturu nui: Hangaia he parepare, he rua rānei hei pupuri i te turuturu. Taupokina ki te pahuka hei whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga o te kohu. Whakamahia he papu ātete-pahū hei whakawhiti ki ngā tāke, ki ngā ipu kohikohi motuhake rānei hei whakaora, hei whakakore rānei i ngā wāhi tukatuka para.
Wā tuku: 24-Pepuere-2026